Resources
Ecological Economics
Broad definition Ecological economics has been compared to human ecology (Martinez-Alier, 1998), which instead of resorting to a single unit of account – money – includes the biophysical aspects of economic …
Political Ecology
Description of the field Political ecology analyses social forms and human organisation that interact with the environment. This burgeoning field has attracted scholars from the fields of anthropology, forestry, development studies, …
Environmental (in)justice
Background and definitions The concept of environmental injustice arose from the fact that some communities or human groups are disproportionately subjected to higher levels of environmental risk than other segments of …
Discounting the future
For the purposes of investors, interest rates, impatience and risk necessitate that future costs and benefits are converted into present value in order to make them comparable with each other. …
Net Present Value (NPV)
The idea behind the net present value (NPV) is that EUR 1 today is worth more than EUR 1 in the future, because money available today can be invested and …
HANPP
Humans depend on land and the resources it provides for their subsistence. Plant biomass is one of the most important of these resources. Humans depend on it for: food directly …
Forest economics
This branch of applied economics is mainly focused on sustainable yield timber management, resource extraction and commodity production, excluding a wide range of forest values (local livelihood, ecological, aesthetic and …
Depopulation
‘Depopulation’ refers to a process in which the population density of an area decreases steadily over time. Increased human population is certainly a threat to environmental sustainability, but local phenomena …
Travel-cost method
The travel-cost method (TCM) is used for calculating economic values of environmental goods. Unlike the contingent valuation method, TCM can only estimate use value of an environmental good or service. …
The project ENVJUSTICE has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 695446)